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A thermal barrier is any protective covering or barrier which inhibits the transfer of heat.

For example the space shuttle used a thermal barrier to prevent the astronauts from burning to death when entering the earth atmosphere during re-entry. The thermal barrier reduced the heat caused by the friction of the air passing over the spacecraft to acceptable levels. Without it the shuttle would have burn up and disintegrate.

The failure of the thermal barrier was the reason that the Space Shuttle Columbia burned up during re-entry on February 1, 2003.

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