chromatology is the study of colors, and can be used in various different fields.
A similar term is chromatography. It is a method of separating a solution into its constituent components by altering the speed at which different portions of the compound move through a substrate.
A subset of chromatography is gas chromatography which is used to determine the relative quantities of components in a solution.
Misspelling of chromatology, a treatese on colors.