Filtration is a physical or mechanical process used to separate solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by passing the mixture through a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass while retaining the solid particles. This technique is commonly used in various applications, including water purification, air filtration, and in laboratory settings to isolate specific components. Different types of filters, such as paper, membrane, or sand filters, can be employed depending on the size and nature of the particles being removed.