The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich layer that covers the exterior of many cell types, consisting of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It plays a crucial role in cell recognition, signaling, and protection, contributing to cellular adhesion and interaction with the extracellular environment. Additionally, the glycocalyx helps maintain the stability of the cell membrane and can influence immune responses. Its composition can vary significantly between different cell types and under various physiological conditions.