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Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returning carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. It consists of four subunits, each containing an iron-bound heme group that binds to oxygen. Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's oxygen levels and overall metabolic function. Abnormalities in hemoglobin can lead to various blood disorders, such as anemia or sickle cell disease.

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