Hypoventilation is a condition characterized by inadequate ventilation, leading to an insufficient exchange of gases in the lungs. This results in elevated levels of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) and decreased oxygen levels in the blood, which can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, confusion, and fatigue. Hypoventilation can occur due to various factors, including respiratory diseases, central nervous system disorders, or sedative medications. It may require medical intervention to restore proper breathing and gas exchange.