Isotretinoin is a powerful medication primarily used to treat severe acne that hasn't responded to other treatments. It is a retinoid, which is a derivative of vitamin A, and works by reducing the size and output of sebaceous glands, decreasing oil production, and preventing clogged pores. Due to potential serious side effects, including birth defects and mental health issues, it is typically prescribed with caution and under strict medical supervision. Regular monitoring and adherence to safety guidelines are essential for patients using isotretinoin.