Percolation is a mathematical concept that describes the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. It is often studied in the context of statistical mechanics and network theory, where it helps analyze how substances spread through a medium, such as water through soil or information through a network. The percolation threshold is a critical point at which a sufficient number of connections or pathways allow for a significant flow or connectivity to occur. This concept has applications in various fields, including physics, Biology, and engineering.