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What is plasctic made of?

Updated: 4/28/2022
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Plastic is made of monomers

Organic plastics are polymers, composed of monomers (repeating units). A polymer is a chain of molecules repeated again and again

these monomers will become plastic by addition polymerisation and the monomers are held by weak intramolecular forces and the forces may align themselves in a linear chain or a simple branched chain

Where do monomers come from?

Most monomers come from oil.

Carbon and HydrogenDifferent kinds of monomers produce different kinds of plastics.

All organic plastics include a long backbone of carbon.

Some plastics, such as polystyrene, are composed of monomers that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Other kinds of plastics are "functionalized" with a wide variety of other kinds of atoms either present in the original monomer, or added later after polymerization.

Most amino acids can be composed entirely from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON).

All the other amino acids can be composed of CHON and sulfur.

petrochemicals

Today most plastics are made from petrochemicals (crude oil and natural gas), although they can also be produced from corn and other biomasses. In manufacture from petrochemicals, refineries process crude oil to produce, first, fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and a number of different lubricants. Then they spin off a wide variety of other petrochemicals. Some of these other petrochemicals are then used by chemical plants to make a wide variety of products such as fertilizers and plastic resins. Plastic resins are, in turn, used to produce many different types of plastic.

The majority of what we know as plastic today is made from materials that are extracted from crude oil. Often the same type of crude oil that is used to produce the fuels for cars.

  • There are many other types of polymer, both natural and synthetic: cellulose, starch, silicones, Teflon, PVC, etc.
  • Elementally, plastics can contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), but also nitrogen (N), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), silicon (Si), sulphur (S), and phosphorus (P). The term plastic merely refers to the property of being flexible but firm
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