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Is Germanium Dangerous?
Available scientific evidence does not support claims that germanium supplements are effective in preventing or treating cancer in humans, and there are numerous reports showing that they may be harmful. A study conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported that supplements containing germanium present a potential hazard to humans. As a result, the FDA issued an "Import Alert," which allows germanium imports to be seized if they are to be used as a food supplement. However, the amount and type of germanium naturally found in foods do not appear to be toxic.Available scientific evidence does not support claims that germanium supplements promote health or increase the body's production of interferon. It also does not support the claim that germanium is an essential nutrient in animals or humans.A study conducted by the FDA found at least 31 cases of kidney failure linked to germanium products. A number of deaths have also been reported. Most of these effects were from inorganic forms of germanium, but the FDA has also found severe kidney damage in people taking germanium that was sold as organic.Because of the way it is processed, organic germanium is easily contaminated with inorganic germanium, which appears to be more toxic than the organic form. It is uncertain whether the kidney damage and other toxic effects reported in people who took organic germanium were actually caused by the supplement's contamination with inorganic germanium. Because of this problem with purity, supplements containing germanium of any sort might pose a hazard to humans.In the early 1980s, small studies were done using germanium on people with various types of cancer. In the first study, even those who received the lowest doses had toxic effects, and none of the patients got better. Later, a group of 25 patients were given spirogermanium (an organic germanium product) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Most patients got worse, and toxic side effects were common. Because of these results-many toxic effects and little effect on the cancer-studies on spirogermanium were stopped.In 2005, researchers in Arizona started a study to find out if taking pure organic germanium (bis-carboxyethylgermanium sequioxide) might help with radiation-related fatigue. The patients, who have early stage prostate cancer or breast cancer, will be watched carefully for side effects and abnormal laboratory values. The study is still going on, and is expected to finish at the end of 2012.Germanium supplements may pose danger for humans. Several deaths have been reported in the medical literature, with serious illness in some who survived. While organic germanium appears to be less toxic than inorganic germanium, it has been reported to cause kidney damage, liver changes, and heart problems. Other reported effects include anemia, poor appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, muscle weakness, skin rashes, and numbness in the hands and feet due to nerve damage. The toxic effects build up over time and get worse the longer it is taken. Many of these effects improve after the supplement is stopped, but kidney and nerve damage persisted and became chronic for some people.Germanium may interfere with certain other medicines and may make seizures worse. Drugs for which side effects include kidney problems may be more likely to cause harm if taken with germanium. Very little testing during pregnancy has been reported, but at least one form of germanium caused ill effects on fetuses in animal tests. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should not take germanium. At this time, germanium is not recommended as a dietary supplement for anyone due to the potential for serious health hazards.Relying on this type of treatment alone and avoiding or delaying conventional medical care for cancer may have serious health consequences.
What are the different parts of a vihara?
A vihara, a type of Buddhist monastery, typically consists of several key parts: the main prayer hall or assembly hall, where monks gather for rituals and teachings; living quarters for the monks; and a stupa, which contains relics and serves as a focal point for meditation. It may also include a library for sacred texts, gardens for reflection, and sometimes a meditation hall. These components facilitate the spiritual practice and communal life of the monastic community.
What are the semiconductors in the periodic table?
Semiconductors can either be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic semiconductors are elements that are in their pure form. These will usually have positive and negative sides because the electrons migrate towards one direction. On the other hand, extrinsic semiconductors are when the conductivity (or ability to make an electric charge with the electrons) are controlled by adding other atoms. These atoms that are added are called dopants. Dopants donate or receive electrons from the semiconductor to make impure.
Is chernobly up and running since the nuclear reaction occurred?
No, that site with its four RBMK type reactors is shutdown. Chernobyl had the only RBMK type reactors in the country. Unit 4 was destroyed in the 1986 accident, unit 2 was shut down after a turbine hall fire in 1991, unit 1 was closed in 1997 and unit 3 closed at the end of 2000 due to international pressure. Ukraine does have operating reactors but they are all PWR type now.
What is the value of an Al Kaline signature?
Al Kaline single signed baseballAn Al Kaline single signed baseball is worth between $50.-$75. Value is based on average prices of recently closed auctions. Prices may vary based on condition, and the type of authenticity that accompanies the baseball. Signatures that have not been properly authenticated could sell at half the market value or less.
What is the value of carrier mobility of p type germanium?
The carrier mobility of p-type germanium typically ranges from around 200-500 cm^2/Vs.
What are the factors on which hall coefficient depends?
It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, and its value depends on the type, number, and properties of the charge carriers that constitute the current. so it will remain constant for a particular material.....
What type of bond occurs in germanium oxide?
Germanium oxide typically forms ionic bonds, where the germanium atom loses electrons to the oxygen atoms, creating positively charged germanium ions and negatively charged oxygen ions.
What type of material is a transitor made from?
germanium or silicon crystal
What is a type of flower that sounds like an element?
Germanium
What is a type of correlation coefficient?
A type of correlation coefficient is the Pearson correlation coefficient, which measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous variables. Its value ranges from -1 to 1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, and 0 indicates no correlation. Other types include the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, which assesses the relationship between ranked variables, and the Kendall tau coefficient, which measures the ordinal association between two quantities.
What type of element is germanium?
Germanium is a solid at room temperature and is a nonmetal and the call name is (Ge)
What type of force does low coefficient belong to?
Friction has a low coefficient, usually less than 1.
What is the coefficient of friction of wood on carpet?
The coefficient of friction between wood and carpet can vary depending on the specific materials involved, but generally falls between 0.3 and 0.6. It's important to note that this value may change based on factors such as the type of wood, the type of carpet, and any other variables present in the interaction.
How could a n type semiconductor be produced from pure germanium?
To produce an n-type semiconductor, pure germanium can be doped with an appropriate impurity such as phosphorus or arsenic. These impurities introduce extra electrons into the germanium crystal structure, resulting in an excess of negative charge carriers (electrons) and hence an n-type semiconductor material.
Is germanium n type semiconductor?
Yes, germanium can be doped to become an n-type semiconductor by introducing donor impurities such as phosphorus or arsenic. This process increases the number of free electrons in the material, giving it an excess of negative charge carriers.
What is a type of metalloid?
Examples: germanium, selenium, tellurium, antimony, boron, silicon.
