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We're not actually 100% certain that there are any elements that are absolutely not radioactive. Some Grand Unified Theories predict that protons are unstable over incredibly long timescales, and if so, no baryonic matter (all elements are baryonic matter) is stable over the very very long term.

The element with the highest atomic number having at least one isotope that is believed to be stable (provided that proton decay does not occur) is lead. 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb are all stable both theoretically and according to the best measurements we can make. The most stable isotope of bismuth is 209Bi, which has an extremely long half-life: about 20,000,000,000,000,000,000 (2x1019) years. This is about 15,000,000,000 times longer than the current estimated age of the universe, and it's likely that no one would have noticed that bismuth-209 was radioactive if it hadn't been studied very closely because theoretical models predicted that it should be unstable. For all real-world applications, bismuth can be regarded as stable and non-radioactive.

This is still much, much shorter than the lowest possible bound on the (hypothetical) proton decay half-life, which recent experiments have indicated cannot be less than about 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1034) years.

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All the isotopes of uranium are radioactive and unstable.


What element does the element bismuth belong to?

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What happens when radioactive element decays?

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Of course. Chemistry still applies, and that is based on the electron configuration, not the nucleus, per se.


Is carbon an stable element?

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