The general laws about the planets' orbits were known before Newton - mainly, through the three Laws of Planetary Motion, by Kepler. Newton showed that the movement - as explained in Kepler's Laws - was a result of the laws of motion (especially Newton's Second Law), and of the force of gravitation.
surface waves
the answer is sir. isaac newton galileo galilei explained only the relation between motion and force
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion:1] Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the sun at one focus2] The line form the sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of space in equal time intervals3] The squares of the times of revolution (days, months or years) of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their average distances from the sun.
Kepler's three laws of planetary motion can be described as follows: * The path of the planets about the sun are elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus. (The Law of Ellipses). * An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (The Law of Equal Areas) * The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun. (The Law of Harmonies)
Isaac Newton is famous for his 3 Laws of Motion.
Johannes Kepler explained that the combination of inertia and gravity cause the elliptical shapes of orbits in his laws of planetary motion. His work laid the foundation for the understanding of how celestial bodies move in space.
Known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion.
Its tendency to remain in straight-line motion
According to Keplers first law of 1618 which has not been repealed yet, the planets each move in an elliptical orbit with the Sun occupying one focus. The shape of an ellipse is described by the eccentricity. For low eccentricity such as the planets' orbits have, the orbit is very close to being a circle but the most significant difference is that the Sun is off-centre.
17th century astronomer Johannes Kepler discovered the elliptical shape of the planets' orbits around the Sun, which he described in his first law of planetary motion. Newton later explained this in his law of universal gravitation.
Mindboggling? They are "Laws of Planetary Motion". So I guess the answer is "motion".
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), a German who travelled to Prague to become the assistant of Brahe, was studying the orbit of Mars and while examining that data discovered the Laws of Planetary Motion which state an elliptical orbit rather than a circular one.
A motion
Isaac Newton
Kepler's laws apply to the motion of planets around the Sun. Specifically, they describe the elliptical orbits of planets, the equal area law (planets sweep out equal areas in equal times), and the relationship between a planet's orbital period and its distance from the Sun.
elliptical
Johannes Kepler(1571-1630) was a German astronomy and natrual philosophere who was known for his ability in formulating and verifying the three laws of planetary motion, which are now known as Keplers's Laws.