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James Watson and Francis Crick used several tools in their groundbreaking work on the structure of DNA. Key among these were X-ray crystallography data, particularly the famous Photograph 51 taken by Rosalind Franklin, which provided critical insights into the helical structure of DNA. They also utilized model-building techniques with physical models made of wire and cardboard to explore possible configurations of the DNA molecule. Their combination of experimental data and model-building led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953.

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Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953 laid the foundation for our understanding of genetics and molecular biology today. This breakthrough has enabled advancements in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, leading to the development of new treatments, diagnostic tools, and genetically modified crops.


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