A model uses familiar ideas to explain unfamiliar facts observed in nature.
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scientific law
Yes, that is indeed what a scientific theory does.
Charles Darwin formulated the notion of natural selection to explain the existence of patterns of radiative adaptation in nature, and to explain the seemingly common origin of diverse lifeforms.
Discovery science is mostly about describing nature, whereas hypothesis-driven science tries to explain nature.
Reality in reference to the physical world or nature can be observed and measured. But reality also consists of things with which we can't observe and measure such as values, morality, and the supernatural.