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many freshwater aquifers have salty ground water under the freshwater. Bieng less dense, the freshwater floats on top of the denser salt water and little mixing occurs because both layers of water are 'trapped' in the porous rocks of the atmosphere.

freshwater aquifer are generally recharged by rainfall, which seeps through rocks. the result from extracting the water faster than it can be replaced is that the salt water layers rise to replace it and this "saltwater intrusion" can render the aquifer useless. also if there are trees planted above the aquifer (depending on how far underground the aquifer is) sometimes the roots of the trees hang down into the aquifer. when it is filled with salt water, this is sucked up the trees xylem cells and intrudes salt upon the land.
australian towns such as Kalgoorlie (WA) and Hay (NSW) have been forced to slow down their water extraction rates and seek new water sources due to salt water intrusion in their aquifers.
soil salinity is a key word here in the discussion of the danger of extracting water from an aquifer faster than it can be replaced

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Groundwater is not an unlimited resource. It is a finite supply that can become depleted if used faster than it can be replenished. Overuse and pollution of groundwater can lead to long-term consequences for the environment and communities that rely on it.


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