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You can use a test cross: a cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait so the unknown genotype can be determined from that of the offspring.

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What does it mean if an individual in a pedigree is labeled with R?

If an individual in a pedigree is labeled with R, it typically signifies that this individual has been identified as a carrier of a specific genetic variant or trait within the family. The “R” designation may stand for “resistant” in the context of that particular genetic trait or could be used for other notations depending on the specific pedigree and research context.


A square box half colored in a pedigree is?

A square box half colored in a pedigree typically represents a carrier of a genetic trait. This means the individual carries one copy of the gene mutation for the trait but does not exhibit the trait themselves.


What does a half shaded circle or square indicate in a pedigree?

A half-shaded circle or square in a pedigree indicates that the individual is a carrier of a certain genetic trait. This means they have one copy of the gene for the trait but do not express the trait themselves.


An individual with a recessive allele for an undesirable trait is called?

A carrier. This individual may not show the undesirable trait, but can pass on the recessive allele to their offspring.


What is the pattern of inheritance for a sex-linked recessive trait in a pedigree?

In a pedigree, a sex-linked recessive trait is passed down from carrier mothers to affected sons. Daughters of carrier mothers have a 50 chance of being carriers themselves. Sons of affected fathers do not inherit the trait.


Is a heterozygous individual a carrier?

What is a heterzygous individual?


What is the genotype of the individuals in the pedigree chart?

The genotype of the individuals in the pedigree chart is the genetic makeup of each individual, represented by their combination of alleles for a specific trait.


How do you show a female without a trait in a pedigree chart?

A normally colored circle. As a carrier of the trait, they are usually half-colored.


Sam has hemophilia. Sam's brother mother and father do not have hemophilia. Draw a pedigree showing who has the disorder and who is a carrier?

In a pedigree chart, Sam would be represented by a filled square (male) or circle (female) to indicate that he has hemophilia. Since Sam's brother, mother, and father do not have hemophilia, they would be represented by unfilled squares (male) or circles (female). However, Sam's mother would be a carrier of the hemophilia gene, so she would be represented by a half-filled circle. The pedigree would show Sam with hemophilia, his mother as a carrier, and his brother, father, and other family members without the disorder.


How is heterozygous individual represented in punnett square and pedigree shown above?

AaBb


In pedigree a circle represents what?

In a pedigree, a circle typically represents a female individual. The individual's position within the circle (e.g., shaded or unshaded) may convey additional information about their traits or health status.


How many genotypes are possible in a pedigree of sex linked traits?

In a pedigree of sex-linked traits, there are three possible genotypes for males: XY (unaffected), XeY (affected), and XeX (carrier). For females, there are two possible genotypes: XX (unaffected) and XeX (carrier). This makes a total of 5 possible genotypes in a sex-linked trait pedigree.