Oliver Cox, Robert Blauner, and Herbert M. Hunter
Its an achieved status with a racial label in a system of stratification that is composed of open, class-like categories to which racial labels are assigned. So basically, status labels in hierarchal societies where racial labels are determinant of said status labels.
racial tensions
Inhumane acts of a character similar to other crimes against humanity "committed in the context of an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime."
racial group
Miscegenation refers to the interbreeding or mixing of people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, particularly involving relationships or marriages between individuals from historically defined racial groups. The term has often been used in a derogatory context to oppose such unions, reflecting societal prejudices against interracial relationships. Historically, laws against miscegenation were enacted in various countries, particularly in the United States, to maintain racial segregation. Today, the concept is more often discussed in the context of social integration and diversity.
rosecoe cox
Functionalism emphasizes the interdependence and purpose of different parts of society. It helps to explain how racial inequality can persist due to the belief that different racial groups serve specific functions within society. This perspective justifies and reinforces the status quo by suggesting that racial hierarchy is necessary for social order.
Gunnar Myrdal, a Swedish sociologist, examined the issues of race relations in the US in 1944 through his influential study "An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy." He highlighted the racial inequality and discrimination faced by African Americans in the United States.
Africans were enslaved due to economic exploitation by European colonizers, racial beliefs of African inferiority, the need for cheap labor in the Americas, and the transatlantic slave trade.
One notable sociologist who studied race relations is W. E. B. Du Bois. He conducted influential research on the social and economic conditions of African Americans, highlighting the systemic injustices they faced in American society. Du Bois also co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to advocate for civil rights and racial equality.
The sociologist who argued that the concept of a "superior race" was linked to the ability to adapt to changing environments is William Fielding Ogburn. He emphasized that cultural and social adaptations, rather than inherent racial traits, contributed to the success of particular groups. Ogburn's perspective highlights the importance of environmental factors and social conditions in shaping human behavior and societal development.
Racial Heritage Theory?-- it is actually one of the theories that explain economic growth.It had been emphasized during Adolf Hitler's time, stressing that the belief that one race is superior than the other on the basis of color, built, and other genetic factors.
The conflict perspective views race from the macro level and emphasizes how the economic structure drives the exploitation of minority groups. This perspective highlights power imbalances and how dominant groups use their economic advantage to maintain control over resources, perpetuating racial inequalities.
Race played a significant role in European imperialism in Africa by justifying the exploitation and colonization of African territories. European powers often viewed themselves as racially superior, promoting the ideology of the "civilizing mission" to rationalize their domination over African peoples and cultures. This belief in racial hierarchy led to oppressive policies, economic exploitation, and the disregard for African autonomy and rights, contributing to long-lasting social and political ramifications on the continent. Such racial ideologies reinforced stereotypes that dehumanized African populations and facilitated the implementation of colonial systems.
The sociologist who spent his lifetime studying relations between African Americans and whites in an effort to eliminate social injustice was W.E.B. Du Bois. He was a prominent civil rights activist, scholar, and co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Du Bois conducted extensive research on racial inequality, discrimination, and the social conditions of African Americans in the United States.
Aboriginal people were often enslaved due to European colonizers' desire for cheap labor in the Americas and other regions. Their knowledge of the land made them valuable for agricultural work, but they were also subjected to brutal treatment, forced labor, and displacement. Additionally, the belief in their racial and cultural inferiority contributed to their exploitation and dehumanization. This exploitation was part of a broader pattern of colonialism that sought to dominate and control indigenous populations.
racial origin