Refraction.
When light changes direction as it passes through a boundary.
The image formed on the screen of the pinhole camera is inverted because the aperture, which is a small hole, bends the light that enters the camera. This basically shows that light travels in straight line.
Transmission
translucent
a beam of light can be seen if it passes through reflective material.
The same as the irises of your eyes, it controls the amount of light that passes through the aperture.
REFRACTION
The pathway of light is light through the eye to the cornea. This is the path that light takes when entering the eye.
The pathway of light is light through the eye to the cornea. This is the path that light takes when entering the eye.
The bending of light as it passes through a material is called refraction. This occurs due to a change in speed of light as it moves from one medium to another, causing it to change direction.
The energy won't change
There are various ways to change the direction of light. As a simple example, a mirror changes the direction of light by reflection. When light passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water it changes direction buy a process called refraction. Lenses, camera, telescope, microscope, spectacles, etc. use refraction to change the direction light as it passes from air into glass. A prism bends light is such that the various colors in light are bent different amounts and thus you can see them separately. The atmosphere bends light rays to create rainbows.A less widely known way light can caused to change direction is by the force of gravity. When light from a star passes close to a massive object in space such as a sun or giant planet or a black hole the gravity of the object pulls on the light changing its direction. This is a primary method of locating black holes -- they exert such tremendous gravitational pull light cannot escape from them (thus they are black and we can't see them), but when light from a star passes near them (but not to near) the bending of the light is a telltale of the black hole.Lenses, camera, telescope, microscope, spectacles, etc. use refraction to change the direction light as it passes from air into glass. A prism bends light is such that the various colors in light are bent different amounts and thus you can see them separately. The atmosphere bends light rays to create rainbows.Light changes its direction by bouncing of hard surfaces
The frequency of light remains constant as it passes through different mediums. However, the speed and wavelength of light may change, leading to effects like refraction and dispersion.
Cameras do not refract light, lenses do. Refraction occurs whenever light passes from one medium to another, so it is not something that only occurs with lenses.
The aperture in a camera is controlled by the diaphragm, which is a mechanism that can be adjusted to change the size of the opening through which light enters the camera.
When you push the shutter button it opens the shutter which allows light into the camera. The lens focuses the light as it enters the camera and once the light passes through the shutter it is focussed on the sensor (digital camera) or the film plane (film camera). In a digital camera the sensor is sensitive to light and it converts the light signal into a digital file made up of binary information (zeros and ones), this information is then stored onto the memory card in a picture compatible file format such as jpeg or RAW. In a film camera the light hits the film plane. Photographic film is light sensitive, it contains silver halide crystals in an emulsion. When light hits the film it causes a chemical change in the silver halide crystals which records the image onto the film. The film is later processed using chemicals to reveal the image.
Refraction occurs when light changes direction as it passes from one medium to another, such as from air to water. This bending of light is due to the change in speed of light as it enters a denser or less dense medium, causing the light rays to change direction.