0
The Curie's are a famous family of scientist that have earned more Nobel Prizes than any other family.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
Is Bronislawa the name of Marie Curies mom or dad?
Bronislawa is the name of Marie Curie's mother and one of her sisters.
In artificial radioactivity alpha particles are used to change nonradioactive elments into radioactive elements. But why are alpha particles used in artificial radioactivity?
An explanation for the use of alpha particles to create other radioactive elements is because it is relatively easy to do. We can concentrate an element that is an alpha emitter in the laboratory, and then use the "alpha bullets" to activate another material. The Curies did this. The alternative is to build a cyclotron, which is a particle accelerator, or a nuclear reactor so the neutron flux can be used to bombard sample. These ideas were a ways down the road when the Curies were conducting their Nobel Prize winning experiments. So these clever individuals isolated materials that were alpha emitters and used them.
What are luminous and non luminous materials?
Luminous means "giving off light", or glows in the dark (since luminosity is detected by the eyes, it usually refers to the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum). Many materials emit a wide range of radiation other than visible light, which is why some radioactive materials were used as glow in the dark paints, and why the Curies focused on a particular radioactive isotope (because it glowed in the dark). Some materials can even store energy from visible light and emit it later, which is why some of my luminous objects have to be "charged" by a light bulb or the sun. Some chemical combinations can emit light for a while, such as the stuff in lightning bugs, which we can replicate in production lines to make glow sticks. Non luminous materials do not emit light that we can see. Most elements that are not radioactive fall into this category.
What was Marie Curie's family like?
Mother: Broniswala Boguski. She was a principle of Freta Street Boarding School for Girls. She died of tuberculosis in 1878. She was a catholic and her last words were "I love you." Father: Vladislav Sklodowska. A professor of mathematics and physics. Died of old age in Warsaw in 1902. Husband: Pierre Curie. They met though Marie's sister, Bronya. Marie was looking for a laboratory and Pierre said she could work. He won the Nobel Prize in 1903, along with Marie. They devoted their life to science and had two kids. Irene: Marie and Pierre's eldest daughter. She took after her mother and devoted her life to science. Later on she won a Nobel Prize, but neither of her parents were alive to see her get it. Eve: Youngest daughter. Mother: Broniswala Boguski. She was a principle of Freta Street Boarding School for Girls. She died of tuberculosis in 1878. She was a catholic and her last words were "I love you." Father: Vladislav Sklodowska. A professor of mathematics and physics. Died of old age in Warsaw in 1902. Husband: Pierre Curie. They met though Marie's sister, Bronya. Marie was looking for a laboratory and Pierre said she could work. He won the Nobel Prize in 1903, along with Marie. They devoted their life to science and had two kids. Irene: Marie and Pierre's eldest daughter. She took after her mother and devoted her life to science. Later on she won a Nobel Prize, but neither of her parents were alive to see her get it. Eve: Youngest daughter.
What scientific discoveries were made in 1800-1810?
T1. Germ Theory of Disease. Suspicion that diseases were caused by unseen 'seeds' or living organisms goes back to the mid-1500s when physicians began tracking epidemics of infectious diseases. After Anton von Leeuwenhoek established the existence of microorganisms in the 1670s, Ignaz Semmelweis and John Snow contributed much to prevention of transmission through medical hygiene. The experiments of Louis Pasteur in the mid-nineteenth century directly supported the germ theory of disease, and he is considered the father of germ theory and bacteriology.2. Discovery and Development of Antibiotics. Louis Pasteur later went on to discover that some microbes killed other microbes, and suggested that a microbial defense against infections might be developed. German physicians Rudolf Emmerich and Oscar Low developed pyocyanase in the 1890s from Bacillus pycyoneus, but it was unreliable in application. In 1928 Scottish biologist and pharmacologist Alexander Fleming discovered the green mold Penicillium notratum killed a staph bacillus he was working with and Penicillin soon made its debut. Now we have whole classes of antibiotics, and researchers at medical laboratories and university facilities seek new ones as their target organisms develop resistance.3. Discovery of Viruses and Development of Vaccines.Viruses are pathogens much smaller than bacteria, discovered in the 1890s when smaller-than bacterial filters failed to stop some infectious agents. Luckily, more than a century before Edward Jenner had successfully immunized people against smallpox by infecting them with the related but less virulent cowpox. Vaccines against various viruses may be 'live' or 'killed', and have been developed against a host of epidemic-producing viruses. Over the last couple of decades the development of antiviral drugs that halt reproduction of the pathogens have been developed which can make infections less severe as the body's own immune system develops targeted antibodies and T cells.II. The Development of Electrical PowerThe development of electrical power generation and transmission is one of the hallmarks of our modern age, contributing a great deal to our way of life. None of it could have happened without the scientific investigation that led us to understanding and control of this natural force. Many discoveries, experiments and inventions were vital to the development of the electrical system we enjoy today. The three listed were seminal, and all occurred during a time of energetic scientific investigation during the early decades of the nineteenth century.1. The Nature of Electricity. William Gilbert described the nature of electrical charge as related to the property of amber to acquire a static charge. Since amber is 'electron' in Greek, Gilbert called the effect 'electric force'. He invented the first electroscope, a device for measuring the strength of this force. It was noticed very early on that this static "attractive" force was similar to magnetism, but it was hundreds of years before the physical relationship between electricity and magnetism was established as effects of the same fundamental force.2. The Nature of Electromagnetism. Building upon work by Hans Christian Orstead establishing that electrical currents can create magnetic fields, Andre-Marie Ampere opened the field of electrodynamics in 1820 with his demonstration that electrical currents can be positive or negative, like magnetic polarities. He later developed a precise mathematical theory that linked the forces and predicted many new phenomena.3. Induction of Current. Michael Faraday experimented with electromagnetism and the induction of currents using an ring-coil apparatus. He could induce a current by moving a magnet through a loop of wire, or by moving the wire loop over a stationary magnet. James Clerk Maxwell modeled this as "Faraday's Law," which became one of the four Maxwell equations that led to modern field theory.III. The Development of Nuclear TechnologiesIt would be hard to find many citizens of modern industrialized societies who are not aware of or in many ways impacted by nuclear technology. Nuclear medicine is important in our medical system, nuclear engines propel some of our off-planet explorations, nuclear boilers provide significant electrical power, nuclear waste streams are still without a final resting place, and nuclear weapons are a perennial national security issue.1. Discovery of Sub-Atomic Particles and Isotopic Decay.Henri Becquerel was the first to document X-ray emissions from uranium, the Curies documented two other types of emissions - alpha and beta - in addition to the gamma (X-rays). Ernest Rutherford (among others) investigated elemental decay and determined that alpha particles are relatively massive helium nuclei. He also worked with single protons. It was Rutherford who first theorized about the existence of the neutron - a massive but neutral nuclear particle - confirmed in 1932 by James Chadwick. High energy physicists have since identified numerous additional sub-atomic particles of decay.2. Discovery of Radioactive Elements Produced by Neutron Bombardment. In 1934 Enrico Fermi and collaborators discovered that bombarding uranium with neutrons could produce at least four new radioactive elements, two with atomic numbers greater than 92. It was quickly discovered that many stable elements could be made radioactive by nuclear bombardment. For instance, stable cobalt-59 becomes radioactive cobalt-60, which then decays, releasing considerable energy. It was excitedly surmised by many investigating scientists that neutron bombardment might be used to produce energy on a larger scale.3. Discovery of Nuclear Fission. Again it was Ernest Rutherford who first split the atom (in 1917) by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles. In 1932 his students John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton who first split atoms artificially by bombarding lithium with accelerated protons. But it took Enrico FermiEnrico Fermi to split uranium with neutrons, producing a much more energetic reaction. Fermi and a team of colleagues are credited with establishing the first artificially induced chain reaction with moderated neutrons in 1939 before going into the wartime Manhattan Project.IV. The Development of Computation and ComputersOne of the most significant tools of the modern age is the electronic computer, through which you are accessing this article. Now everything can be done through a computer: banking, shopping, and even higher education. Since electricity is covered above, below are listed the scientific/mathematical discoveries most seminal in leading to the development of the technology.1. Binary & Boolean Logic. The Indian mathematician Pingala discovered that a sequence of zeroes and ones (binary numeral system) can be used to represent any number or value. Isaac Newton's nemesis Gottfried Leibniz further developed a binary logic in 1703, which could also be used to designate states (on or off) as well as values (true or false). In 1854, George Boole developed a formal logic system using the symbols of algebra to represent forms and syllogisms, the "Boolean Architecture" used to mathematically model computational processes.2. The Turing Machine. Alan Turing is considered to be the "father of modern computer science." After spending World War II at Bletchley Park's codebreaking center, he developed an algorithmic program called "bombe" to break the German Enigma ciphers, and contributed much to computerized encryption. He developed a thought-concept known as a "Turing Machine", a symbol manipulation device that could model the logic of any computer algorithm. By studying the properties of the modeling, insights into complexity theory and what became computer science could be formalized for analysis.3. Information Theory. In the late 1930s Claude Shannon established a rigorous theoretical framework that could be applied to electronic circuits, allowing them to be used as relays to solve logic problems in parallel. His 1937 master's thesis, A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits forms the foundation of practical digital circuitry in use in computers today. Shannon's 1948 paper entitled A Mathematical Theory of Communication applied probability to information coding, useful for data compression in the transmission of information, thus file transfer protocols on the internet.V. The Development of Space FlightThe discovery of gunpowder by Chinese alchemists in the 9th century seeking the fabled Elixir of Life was a seminal development in human history. Thanks to the simple discovery of gunpowder, we now have the military tapping it for warfare applications, citizens using it as pretty fireworks, and aeronautical professionals and students harnessing its projectile capability. It was the projectile applications that eventually led to rocketry, and our modern extraterrestrial applications in space-based communications, experimentation and exploration.1. A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. In 1919 Robert H. Goddard published his groundbreaking mathematical theories of rocket-powered flight, his experiments with solid fuel rockets, and the possibilities he saw for exploring the Earth's atmosphere and beyond. This work, along with Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's 1903 The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices inspired and influenced later rocketry pioneers like Wernher von Braun, Sergey Korolev and Hermann Oberth.2. Ballistic Missiles. Inspired by Oberth's scientific writings and H.G. Wells' science fiction, Wernher von Braun developed ballistic missiles for the German army after his education in aeronautical engineering. In 1941 his team designed what became the V-2 rocket, the first man-made object to achieve sub-orbital spaceflight and the progenitor of all modern rockets. After defecting to the U.S. at the end of the war, von Braun went to work for the American military and went on to develop the Redstone (a descendent of the V-2), used to launch the first Mercury manned capsules. He transferred to NASA in 1960 and developed the giant Saturn rocket, the launch vehicle that allowed Americans to explore the Moon in the 1960s and '70s.3. Staged Combustion. Following World War II rocket science took off in what became a "Space Race" between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, both nations making ample use of German scientists. Staged combustion is a complex application of the gas-generation cycle, and was first proposed by Aleksei Mihailovich in 1949. The Soviets put it to use in rocket engines designed to carry payloads beyond Earth atmosphere (and later, into orbit and beyond). German scientist Ludwig Boelkow tested the first Western stage-combustion engine in 1963.he scientific descoveries made in Germany were:
What else did the Curies discover?
they
What are petite curies?
Petite curies are small x-ray laboratories. The term is a reference to the amount of radiation involved.
One of the most radioactive elements discovered by the curies was uranium?
No. The Curies did not discover uranium. They discovered polonium and radium, of which polonium is more radioactive.
What were maria curies scientific discoveries?
uranium
What was Marie curies early education?
hi.
What was Irene curies biggest mistake?
dieing
What is Marie Curies favorite sport?
football
What was Marie curies favorite band?
There were no bands in her time.
Where x ray developed?
In Madame Curies bones
What was life like in Marie Curies time?
Tuf.
What disease did Marie curies mother catch?
tuberculosis
What was marie curies dad called?
Bronisława Skłodowski
