some rocks are made of soft minerals such as gypsum and calcite that take take short time to break down. in contrast, granite takes a longer time to be weathered down because it is made of quartz mineral. quartz has a mineral hardness of 7 in contrast to gypsum's 2.
Very simply, rocks on the surface of the earth are weathered and eroded. The broken pieces are carried away, mostly by streams and rivers - this is transportation. When the river drops the pieces of rock, often when it reaches the sea, we have the material to start the formation of new sedimentary rocks. Weathering also exposes more older rock, so the processes continue.
Hard rocks , such as granite, weather more slowly than softer rocks , such as limestone. Differential weathering happens when softer rocks weathers away and leaves harder, more resistant rock behind. The figures below show an example of how differential weathering can shape landscape.
cottan balls The previous answer was surely a joke. The answer is rocks.
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Impermeable rocks cause more rapid run off than permeable rocks. This is because the water can somewhat flow through the permeable rocks, not impermeable ones.
Some rocks are more easily weathered than others due to differences in mineral composition and structure. Rocks with weaker minerals or more porous structures are more susceptible to erosion from water, wind, and other environmental factors. Additionally, exposure to acid rain and high temperatures can also contribute to faster weathering of certain rocks.
All types of rocks can be weathered and eroded. However, sedimentary rocks are typically more susceptible to weathering and erosion compared to igneous and metamorphic rocks due to their composition and structure.
Sedimentary rocks are generally more easily weathered compared to igneous or metamorphic rocks. This is because sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments that are more loosely packed and may contain mineral grains that are less resistant to weathering processes.
The rate of chemical weathering increases when a rock becomes more mechanically weathered, also called abrasion.
Examples of rocks that are easily weathered include limestone, sandstone, and shale, which are sedimentary rocks. Rocks that are resistant to weathering include granite, basalt, and quartzite, which are igneous and metamorphic rocks that have a more crystalline structure and are less prone to chemical breakdown from weathering processes.
Rainfall can accelerate the rate of weathering by physically eroding rocks and carrying away the weathered material. It also enhances chemical weathering by increasing the amount of water that reacts with rocks to form new minerals or dissolve existing ones. In areas with high rainfall, weathering can be more intense and lead to faster breakdown of rocks.
The C horizon rocks are the least weathered and least affected by soil formation processes. They are typically made up of parent material, representing the unaltered material from which the soil developed. In contrast, the B horizon rocks are generally more weathered and altered by soil-forming processes such as leaching and translocation of minerals.
Rocks erode at different rates depending on factors such as composition, hardness, and environmental conditions. Soft rocks erode more quickly than hard rocks because they are more easily weathered by elements like wind and water. Additionally, the presence of minerals in the rock can affect its susceptibility to erosion.
Small rocks have a larger surface-to-volume ratio , and are therefore more quickly weathered compared to a large rock with a lower surface-to-volume ratio.
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Rocks near the source of a river tend to be larger, more angular, and have sharper edges due to less erosion. In contrast, rocks found farther downstream are typically smaller, smoother, and more rounded as they have been more weathered and moved by the flowing water.
Some rocks are more reactive than others due to differences in their mineral composition. Rocks that contain minerals that are chemically unstable or have a greater tendency to react with other substances will be more reactive. Additionally, the presence of certain elements or ions in the rock can also make it more prone to chemical reactions.