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I assume ...

Thermal meaning warm(th) and by upwards flow you would be talking about air? Immagine this ...

If you take a bit of metal and you warm it up (a lot), it expands. something very similar happens to the air. When you warm things up what you are really doing is making the particles move around a whole bunch more ... meaning that they need more space.

Now if the particales are suddenly taking up more space and so are further apart from each other you will have fewer particles in a 10 by 10 space full of warm air than in a 10 by 10 space of cold air. This means that the 10 by 10 space of warm air is also lighter than the 10 by 10 space of cold air and so can rise to the top, creating an 'upward' flow.

If we didnot live on a planet and so did not have such a strong gravitational field, this wouldn't happen! (not to mention that there is no proper 'up and down' in space)

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13y ago

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