Why is Mercury liquid?

Answer 1

its melting point is room temperature. its boiling point is too high for it to be a gas at room temperature and its freezing point is too low for it to be a solid at room temperature.

The underlying reasons for this strange behavour are quite complex. The valence electrons in any metal are those that participate in the metal bond. The 6s orbital in Mercury sits above a filled 4f shell and is "contracted" to sit closer to the nucleus than you would expect. these electrons are not that effective at forming a metallic bond so the mercury metal lattice in the solid form is more readily broken up by thermal excitation i.e. mercury melts at a lower temperature.

Answer 2

Whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas at ordinary temperatures depends or how strongly its atoms or molecules are held together or attracted to each other. Mercury atoms are simply more weakly bonded together than the atoms of other metals. In fact, like water, liquid mercury readily evaporates at relatively low temperatures, which makes it dangerous to handle because you can breathe its vapor into your lungs.

As in other metals, the bonding of mercury atoms involves the sharing of their outer electrons, but why this bonding is less strong in the case of Mercury is a fairly difficult question to answer.

Answer 3

This is because its melting (= freezing) point is much lower than room temperature: −38.8290 °C or −37.8922 °F. By the way it is the only liquid metal and together with bromium one of the two liquid elements at room temperature.

Answer 4

Because its melting point (under atmospheric pressure) is -39 degrees C (approx). So at room temperature it is liquid.