The area along the Nile from Khartoum to Aswan is Nubia. It is the site of the six cataracts of the Nile.
The Aswan high dam is important because it controls the Niles annual floods, which previously flood settlements bordering the river, and generates electricity and makes the Nile easier to control.
The main human features on the Nile include cities like Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan, as well as agricultural areas supported by the river's fertile floodplains. There are also historical sites such as the temples of Karnak and Philae, as well as the pyramids of Giza located near the Nile.
Khartoum, the capital and largest city of Sudan.
The geographic regions of Egypt can be divided into four regions, the Nile valley and Delta region, the Eastern Desert, the Western Desert and the Sinai Peninsula region. Among these, the Nile Valley and the Delta region is the most important region in terms of life settlement and civilization in Egypt.
The Nile Delta, located at the mouth of the Nile River in Egypt, covers an area of about 24,000 square kilometers. It is known for its triangular shape, which is created as the Nile branches out into multiple distributaries before flowing into the Mediterranean Sea.
The Blue Nile joins the White Nile at Khartoum and thence its the Nile River Valley.
6
Cataracts of the Nile are white water rapids of the Nile River, between Aswan and Khartoum.
Primary source - White Nile Secondary source - Blue Nile Source confluence near Khartoum
The best known cities are - Cairo and Khartoum.There are also many other major cities along the Nile. They are Port Said, Alexandria, Karnak, Thebes/ Luxor, Aswan, and Gondokoro.In terms of towns and small cities, over 90% of the Egyptian Population of 80 million people lives on or within 100km of the riverbanks. Therefore the list of towns and small cities would be enormous.The link below gives an interactive map.
There are 6 total cataracts found along the Nile River.
Possibly the Aswan Dams (there are two at Aswan).
Omduran,and Khartaum
As most development in the region is along the banks of the river Nile there are a lot of small and large towns, however, the main cities through which the river passes are: Khartoum (Sudan) and Cairo (Egypt).
Khartoum is near where the Blue Nile and White Nile merge into the Nile River.
The Blue Nile and the White Nile converge at the Khartoum in Sudan.
The most famous of course, is Cairo (Egypt). Some other cities that it runs through are: Alexandria (Egypt) Aswan (Egypt) Luxor (Egypt) khartoum (Sudan) The list could go on for ages, because cities have always developed near rivers.