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Which kind of landform is the Philippines?
The Philippines is primarily composed of islands, making it an archipelago. It consists of diverse landforms such as mountains, volcanoes, plains, and coasts due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Which country is called the land of golden fiber?
Bangladesh is called the land of golden fiber due to its agricultural focus on jute crops. It is their main cash crop. About 75% of the total exports out of Bangladesh consist of this course golden fiber. Jute needs a somewhat swampy area to grow and flourish, and does very well in the low lying areas of Bangladesh.
What are the physical features of the Philippines?
The Philippines is an archipelago consisting of over 7,000 islands, with diverse landscapes including mountains, forests, and coastal areas. It is prone to earthquakes and typhoons due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire. The country boasts rich biodiversity, with tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and unique animal species.
Which ocean has a ring of volcanoes on the land surrounding it?
The Pacific Ocean has a ring of volcanoes known as the Ring of Fire. This area is located in the Pacific Ocean basin and is characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity due to plate tectonics.
Physical characteristics of the Philippines?
The Philippines is an archipelago comprising over 7,000 islands with diverse landscapes including mountains, volcanoes, rainforests, and beaches. The country experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. It is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, resulting in its susceptibility to earthquakes and typhoons.
What is Ring spinning process for glass fiber reinforced polyester?
it is when you spin the polyester in a ring form so that it becomes like fiber glass
Can STM-1 SDH Radio system be used in ring?
SDH Radio can be use in ring configuration, point to point, add drop and can complement fiber optic ring. For add drop configuration, ADM need to be installed. Just imagine SDH radio a wireless fiber with STM-1 x n capacity.
What has the author Eric Udd written?
Eric Udd has written: 'Fiber optic sensors and applications VI' -- subject(s): Optical fiber detectors, Congresses, Fiber optics, Multiplexing 'Development and evaluation of fiber optic sensors' -- subject(s): Measurement, Optical fiber detectors, Traffic flow 'Applications of the Sagnac Interferometer and Ring Resonator' 'Fiber optic sensors' -- subject(s): Optical fiber detectors, Fiber optics
What is SONET's results from its use of a double-ring topology over fiber -optic cable?
fault tolerance
What is a collapsed sonet ring?
A collapsed sonet ring refers to a ring architecture where the physical fibers used for working and protect both reside in the same physical bundle or buffer tube. The result of this is that typically in the event of a fiber cut, the entire ring will be taken down.
What type of Physical layer is required for FDDI?
Uses a dual ring of single-mode or multimode fiber-optic.
What uses a double ring of multimode or single-mode fiber to transmit data at speeds of 100 Mbps?
FDDI
The ring-based technologies implemented as a physical star include?
Token Ring (IEEE 802.5) FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) Actually came across this as I was checking my answer for a Networking final.
SONETs extraordinary fault tolerance results from its use of a double-ring topology over fiber-optic cable?
Fault tolerance.
Is dietary fiber only present in grains?
No, dietary fiber is not only present in grains. It can also be found in a variety of plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds. Each of these food groups provides different types of fiber, which contribute to overall health and digestion. Including a diverse range of fiber sources in your diet is beneficial for optimal health.
Does ring topology uses 7-6-5 rule?
This rule does not apply to other network protocols or Ethernet networks where all fiber optic cabling or a combination of a fiber backbone with UTP cabling is used. If there is a combination of fiber optic backbone and UTP cabling, the rule is simply translated to a 7-6-5 rule.
How ms spring protection works?
SDH Ring Protection MechanismsThe ring protection types are as follows;1. In Europe, 2f-MS-SPRing, 4f-MS-SPRing or 2f-SNCP2. In USA, 2f-BLSR, 4f-BLSR or 2f-UPSRWhere, BLSR is Bi-Directional Line-Switched Rings, UPSR is Uni-Directional Path-Switched Rings and MS-SPRing is the Multiplex Section-Shared Protected Rings, SNCPADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMADMDXCADMADMADMDXCADMADMADMADM21is Sub-Network Connection Protection. Table 2.3 illustrates this logical equivalence ofterminology.SONET in USA SDH in Europe2 fiber Uni-directional Path-SwitchedRing (2f UPSR)2 fiber Sub-Network Connection Protection Ring(2f SNCP Ring)2 fiber Bi-directional Line-SwitchedRing (2f BLSR)2 fiber Multiplex Section Shared Protected Rings(2f MS-SPRing)4 fiber Bi-directional Line-SwitchedRing (4f BLSR)4 fiber Multiplex Section Shared Protected Rings(4f MS-SPRing)Table 2.3 The Ring Protection ArchitecturesSDH rings are also called self-healing rings since they incorporate protection mechanismsthat detect failures and reroute traffic onto reserved channels rapidly.In a dedicated protection ring, every normal path has a corresponding protection path andin a shared protection ring, several normal paths may use a single protection path.Although SDH meshed architectures offer more advanced functionalities and ringnetworks require high capacity and have limited flexibility, ring networks have dominantadvantages as fast restoration, being economical, practical and easy management.The main advantage of ring protection schemes is fast restoration time since the networkswitching time is a major factor for the transmission networks. The switch completiontime in a SDH ring for a failure on a single span is defined as less than 50 msec by ITUTelecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendation G-841. Ringnetworks are also preferred due to economical reasons since their lower nodal costs inMetropolitan Area Networks [8].MS-SPRing architecture implements traffic routing function electrically in the SDHequipment of nodes. The nodes adjacent to a section or node failure are responsible forthe protection switching action. Protection is shared at the Multiplex Section level bydividing the capacity of the SDH frames in half for service and protection channels [9].22The communication protocol restricts the number of nodes to 16 in a ring in the MSSPRingmechanisms.There are two types of MS-SPRing; 2-fiber and 4-fiber rings that are shown in Fig. 2.13,Fig. 2.14 respectively.Figure 2.13 Two-fiber MS-SPRingFigure 2.14 Four-fiber MS-SPRing: Working Channels: Protection Channels: Working Channels: Protection Channels23ADM 4 ADM 3ADM 2 ADM 1: Protection Channels: Working Channels2-fiber MS-SPRing protection architecture uses half of the capacity of the ring forworking traffic, and reserves the other half of the ring capacity for protection. Thisprotection mechanism uses both of the fibers to carry working traffic, but half of thecapacity on each fiber is reserved for protection purpose. 2-fiber rings with sharedprotection use ring switching for protection purposes.4-fiber MS-SPRing uses two fibers for working traffic and reserves the other two fibersfor hot stand-by in case of a failure. A 4-fiber MS-SPRing has two types of protectionmechanisms, span switching and ring switching. 4-fiber rings enable the protectionmechanisms of either ring or span switching, but not both of them simultaneously.Figure 2.15 Two-fiber MS-SPRing Protectionunder link failure conditionAn example of MS-SPRing protection with two fibers against a single link failure isgiven in Figure 2.15. In normal conditions, both channels of the demand 2-4 travelthrough 2-1-4. When a failure occurs on the fiber between node 1 and node 2, theadjacent ADMs to the failure node 1 and node 2 are responsible for protection switching.In the case of the failure condition, the traffic is looped back to the channels dedicated for24protection as illustrated in the Fig.2.15. Since MS-SPRing Protection architecture is used,the half of the capacity is reserved to handle failures.
