Around the country is a prepositional phrase.
An enclave is a small part of a country that is entirely surrounded by the territory of another country. This results in the enclave being geographically separated from the main part of its own country.
Continent is a noun.
Turkey is a country that could be considered to be a part of Europe and a part of the Middle East. A small part of Turkey is in Europe, with the rest being in Asia and could be regarded as part of the Middle East.
Haiti is part of the country of Hispaniola, sharing the island with the Dominican Republic.
The farthest part of a country usually refers to its borders or territories that are located the greatest distance from the country's center or capital.
A phrase is never a part of speech, only a word.
Prepositional phrase
The phrase "in addition" is a prepositional phrase in which "in" is the preposition and "addition" is its object. This phrase, as a phrase, is not a part of speech, although it may function as one, probably an adjective or adverb.
A prepositional phrase.
On the mountain top is a preposition phrase, not a part of speech.
That I am is a phrase, the individual words in the phrase are parts of speech. That -- demonstrative, determiner I -- pronoun am -- be verb
adverb phrase
verb
A prepositional phrase.
A prepositional phrase.
A phrase like 'under a vow' is not a part of speech. It is a phrase that is made up of parts of speech. under is a preposition a is an article vow is a noun
The part of speech for the phrase "of the field" is called a noun phrase. The word "field" is called a noun.