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Participants in a cohort study are grouped according to their

exposure status. In many cohort studies two groups of people

are compared, namely an “exposed group” and an “unexposed

group”. For example, comparisons might be made between

children who have received the MMR vaccine (exposed group)

and children who haven‟t received the MMR vaccine

(unexposed group). Or comparisons might be made between

smokers (exposed group) and non-smokers (unexposed group).

However, you will also encounter studies where more than two

groups will be compared and where researchers divide study

participants into a number of groups with different levels of

exposure. For example, in a cohort study investigating the

association between caffeine consumption during pregnancy and

miscarriage, women were categorised into three groups:

a) women who consumed ≥ 200mg caffeine/day, b) women

who consumed <200mg caffeine/day, c) women who consumed

0mg caffeine/day.


In a cohort study, the groups being compared will be „followed up‟ over a period of time and the incidence of the outcome of

interest will be compared between the groups e.g. researchers

might compare the incidence of autism between groups of

children who have and haven‟t received the MMR vaccine; or

they might compare the incidence of lung cancer between

smokers and non-smokers; or they might compare the incidence

of miscarriage between women with different levels of daily

caffeine consumption etc.6


Two incidence measures can be used to compare the groups:

a) the risk (cumulative incidence) of the outcome of interest can

be calculated in the „exposed‟ and „unexposed‟ groups. The

relative risk can then be calculated by dividing the risk of the

outcome in the exposed group by the risk of the outcome in the

unexposed group.

b) The „incidence rate‟ of the outcome of interest can be

calculated in the „exposed‟ and „unexposed‟ groups (e.g. we can

compare the incidence rate of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers). The “incidence rate ratio” can then be calculated by

dividing the incidence rate of the outcome in the exposed group

by the incidence rate of the outcome in the unexposed group.

(you will learn about “incidence rate ratios” during your lectures

next year).


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In a cohort study a scientist collects health data on a group of people born in 1976. What characteristic was used to form the cohort?

The cohort in this study was formed based on the shared characteristic of being born in 1976. This characteristic allows the scientist to follow this group of individuals over time to observe their health outcomes.


What is cohort study?

A cohort study is a type of observational research where a group of individuals with a common characteristic or experience are followed over time to study how certain factors may influence outcomes such as disease development. This design allows researchers to measure the incidence of outcomes in relation to exposures, helping to establish causal relationships and identify risk factors.


What is an cohort study?

A cohort study is a type of research design where a group of individuals sharing a common characteristic are followed over a period of time to observe outcomes. By comparing outcomes between the exposed and unexposed groups, researchers can assess the impact of the particular characteristic on the outcomes of interest. This study design is frequently used in epidemiology to investigate the causes of diseases.


What are Cohort studies example?

An example of a cohort study is tracking a group of individuals who are exposed to a particular risk factor (e.g., smoking) and comparing their health outcomes over time with a similar group that is not exposed. This type of study allows researchers to assess the impact of the risk factor on the development of certain diseases or conditions.


Disadvantage of cohort study?

&bull; Cohort studies describe incidence or natural history. &bull; They analyse predictors (risk factors) thereby enabling calculation of relative risk. &bull; Cohort studies measure events in temporal sequence thereby distinguishing causes from effects. &bull; Retrospective cohorts where available are cheaper and quicker. &bull; Confounding variables are the major problem in analysing cohort studies. &bull; Subject selection and loss to follow up is a major potential cause of bias.

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In a cohort study, a scientists collects health data on a group of people born in 1976. What characteristic was used to form the cohort?

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What is the difference between a panel study and a cohort study?

A panel study involves repeatedly collecting data from the same individuals over time to study changes within the same group. A cohort study follows a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or experience over time to see how their outcomes differ. The key difference is that in a panel study, the same individuals are followed over time, while in a cohort study, different individuals may be added to the study group over time.


In a cohort study a scientist collects health date on a group of drug abusers what characteristic was used to form the cohort?

The characteristic used to form the cohort in this study is drug abuse. The scientist is collecting health data on individuals who share this common characteristic of being drug abusers.


In a cohort study a scientist collects healthy data on a group of drugs abusers what characteristics was used to form the cohort?

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In a cohort study a scientist collects health data on a group of people born in 1976. What characteristic was used to form the cohort?

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In a cohort study a scientist collects health data on a group of drug abusers. What characteristic was used to form the cohort?

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Is meta-analysis better than cohort study?

Meta-analysis is not inherently &quot;better&quot; than a cohort study; rather, they serve different purposes. Meta-analysis combines the results of multiple studies to provide a more comprehensive overview of a topic, while a cohort study follows a group of individuals over time to examine the effects of certain exposures. Both study designs have their own strengths and limitations, and their appropriateness depends on the research question being addressed.