The salutation for a retired General is "General". A retired general can also be addressed in a letter thus: General W. Smith (ret):
Many people will call him Senator as a mark of respect. In writing he could be referred to the Honorable xxxx or former Senator xxxx.
You would address a retired Rear Admiral as "Rear Admiral (Retired) [Full Name]" on the envelope and in the salutation of the letter.
The proper title for a retired Major is "Major (Retired)" or "Retired Major".
The proper title for a retired ambassador is "Ambassador (Ret.)"
The title "Captain", or the abbreviation CAPT would be appropriate. The salutation in a letter might read "Dear Sir" or "Dear CAPT Smith". When a politician or military officer retires, he's allowed to use the form of address of the highest rank held.
His honor or Your honor is the proper salutation for a retired judge. The use of the word judge in title and introductions is not used after retirement.
The Salutation itself would not actually change once the officer has retired, it would still be rank, and name, such as 'Chief smith'.
His/Her Excellency
Retired or not, the proper formal salutation should read: Honorable Walter K Smith Dear Sir:
Proper usage would be Captain Joseph Brown NJSP, RET.3F7cz
You can greet a judge by calling him or her a judge. You can also call them Mr. or Mrs.
Many people will call him Senator as a mark of respect. In writing he could be referred to the Honorable xxxx or former Senator xxxx.
In the UK a magistrate is addressed as your Worship.
There is no general or standard salutation for an individual with a masters degree, like you would have with a doctorate degree. In other words, Dr. John Smith.
The proper salutation for a probate judge is "The Honorable [Judge's Full Name]."
What is the proper salutation for a register of wills, e.g. Honorable John White?
The proper salutation when writing to a judge is "Dear Judge [Last Name]" or "Your Honor."