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Fertility rates refer to the average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime, while overall population rates indicate the total number of people living in a specific area. Globally, fertility rates have been declining due to factors such as increased access to education, contraception, and changing societal norms. In contrast, the overall population continues to grow, albeit at a slowing pace, as improvements in healthcare and living conditions lead to longer life expectancies. This dynamic can result in aging populations in some regions, while others may experience youth bulges due to higher fertility rates.

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