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In direct speech, a comma is used to separate the reporting verb from the speaker's actual words. In indirect speech, a comma is used before the beginning of the reported speech to indicate the change from direct to indirect speech.
In indirect or reported speech, a question mark is not required at the end of a sentence that reports a question. Instead, a period is used.
Reported or indirect speech is when we report what someone else has said. For example the following sentence are in direct speech: "The rain has stopped" he said. "I will go out" she replied. The same conversation in reported speech: He told her that the rain had stopped. She replied that she would go out.
To change direct speech to indirect speech for pronouns, you generally need to replace the pronouns with their corresponding indirect or reported speech pronouns. For example, 'I' in direct speech would change to 'he' or 'she' in indirect speech depending on the gender. Ensure that the pronouns match the subject of the reported speech and maintain the correct tense and meaning of the original statement.
Direct speech involves quoting and quoted speech, where as indirect speech involves reporting speech and reported speech "'I saw everything,' said Bill" is an example of direct speech. "Bill said that he saw everything." is an example of indirect speech.
When using "hadn't" in indirect speech, it signifies that the action did not happen in the past before the reported speech. It is used to show a negative past action that was not completed before the moment being talked about in indirect speech.
An indirect speech tree diagram typically branches into reported speech and reporting verb. The reported speech branch includes the actual spoken words being reported, while the reporting verb branch includes the verb used to convey that speech. The tree diagram can further branch into tenses, pronoun changes, and any other modifications required.
In indirect speech, 'that' is a conjunction that introduces the reported speech or thought. It is used to connect the reporting verb to what was said or thought by another person. For example, "She said that she was going to the store."
Describing what someone else said such as "He said I was wrong"
Reported speech is speech that is reported indirectly, that is, without the use of quotation marks. The word 'that', or similar, is either explicitly stated, or implied, after the word 'said' or its equivalent.For example:'My son's teacher said that his homework had deteriorated since he joined the football team.' (Reported, or indirect, speech.)'My son's teacher said "Your son's homework has deteriorated since he joined the football team."' (Direct speech.)'Jane told me she would go with me to the dentist.' (Reported, or indirect, speech.)'Jane said to me "I will go with you to the dentist."' (Direct speech.)Note that verbs are put further into the past in reported speech. What is perfect in direct speech ('has') becomes pluperfect in reported speech ('had'). What is future in direct speech ('will') becomes 'future in the past' in reported speech ('would').Reported speech is something that was said by one person, and is now being repeated (or summarised) by another person.For example:"Tommy said, 'I don't like broccoli'," said Jo.Here, the phrase "I don't like broccoli" is reported speech - Jo is telling us that Tommy said it."Tommy said he didn't like broccoli," said Jo."he didn't like broccoli" is also reported speech - Jo is giving us a summary of what Tomy said.
Direct and indirect speech Direct speech is when the actual words somebody dsaid are recorded: "Don't come back without the bread," she said. Indirect speech is when we report what somebody has said (often called reported speech). She told us not to come back without the bread.
Direct speech are words that are actually spoken. It is indicated in the text by speech marks. e.g. "Be quiet!" I said. So to change direct speech to indirect speech or reported speech you have to report what has been said. Speech marks are not used. e.g. I told him to be quiet.