Not always. The government (see link and quote below) says it depends on how it's used.
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008-5.pdf
"A common noun or adjective forming an essential part of a proper name is capitalized; the common noun used alone as a substitute for the name of a place or thing is not capitalized [...] Seventeenth Census; the 1960 census."
Yes, "Bureau of the Census" should be capitalized. It refers to a specific government agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce, responsible for collecting and disseminating demographic and economic data.
To get to know everyone that is on the island, we should take a census.
The census, in many places, counts the population every 10 years.
There never has been a worldwide census. The census in the US that was conducted in 2010 was a census of people living in the US and its possessions.
"Senses" is a homonym for "census."
Enumeration is one possible answer. The census is another.
The Census Bureau gives information on populations and economics. To get statistics and data, one should visit the official Census government webpage.
According to the US Census, the population is 6,456,243. This Census was done on July, 2012, should you be interested.
Bernice C. Richard has written: 'Nova Scotia 1770 census (some 1773 and 1787)' -- subject(s): Genealogy, Registers of births, Census, Census, 1770, Census, 1827, Census, 1818 '1850 federal census of Wabash County, Illinois' -- subject(s): Census, 1850, Registers of births, Genealogy, Census, 7th, 1850 '1850 federal census of Marshall County, Illinois' -- subject(s): Census, 1850, Registers of births, Genealogy, Census, 7th, 1850 'Nova Scotia, 1770 census' -- subject(s): Census, 1770, Registers of births, Genealogy
by a census
buy a census
Raeone Christensen Steuart has written: 'United States, 1800 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 2nd, 1800, Genealogy, Indexes 'Louisiana 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'Illinois 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births 'Rhode Island 1870 census index A-Z' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births 'Massachusetts 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'New York (Upstate) 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births 'New Jersey 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births '1870 District of Columbia census index, A-Z' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births 'Kansas 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'Connecticut 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'Wisconsin 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'Utah 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'Long Island, New York 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'New York City 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births 'South Carolina 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Registers of births 'Ohio 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Census, 9th, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births 'Maryland 1870 census index' -- subject(s): Census, 1870, Genealogy, Indexes, Registers of births