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  • Uniform - known as uniform or even distribution, this distribution pattern is characterized by the maximization of distance between any two individuals. Typically this is found in plants; they compete for a resource such as soil nutrients or moisture, so they space themselves far apart in order to maximize the amount of resource consumption. It can also be a result of territorial behavior as in penguin colonies.
  • Clumped - the most common distribution pattern in nature, clumped distribution is the opposite of uniform: individuals minimize the space between others; as a result, "clumps" of species form around each other. This can be a result of unreliable resources. If one area tends to accumulate one resource important to the population, the individuals of the population will clump around this resource. It is also found among many animals to either aid predation or fend off predators. Hyenas, lions, and cheetahs hunt in packs to ensure a kill while schools of fish aggregate to minimize the chance that any one fish will be eaten.
  • Random - in very homogenous environments, random or unpredictable spacing will occur, but this is not common in nature. For random distribution to occur, an individual of the population won't have any affinity or repulsion from another individual, nor will they have a preference for location due to biotic factors. Some examples of random dispersion include the random destinations of dandelion seeds dispersed by the wind and oyster larvae that are carried by water currents.
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Herminia Hayes

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