"The dog" isn't a sentence because it doesn't have a verb.
If you are asking what part of speech it is, "the" is an article, and "dog" is a noun.
It is a declarative sentence.
exclamatory
The sentence contains a compound sentence.
transitive
Our cat and dog love to play together every single night.
Yes you can Example : The Doberman was barking at me (Doberman:a type of dog)
A verb is something you do, for example, "run", "jump", etc. "Bark" would be the verb in the sentence, "The dog barked."
A preposition is a type of dog. They don't go in the beginning of the sentences
the dog
'There is a dog' is the complete subject of the sentence. It consists of the subject 'dog' and the linking verb 'is'.
Yes, a dog is a subject if your talking to someone about your dog, the dog would be the subject you are talking about.
'My dog and I' if this is the subject of the sentence or clause; 'My dog and me' if this is the object of the sentence or clause. Examples:My dog and I ran home when the rain started.My neighbor and her dog often walk with my dog and me.