In the 1850-1860 period, the free population in the Southern United States was relatively small compared to the total population, which included a significant number of enslaved individuals. The free population consisted mainly of free Blacks, who faced significant legal restrictions and social discrimination, as well as some white individuals, including poor farmers and middle-class citizens. By 1860, the free Black population in the South was approximately 250,000, while the overall Southern population was around 9 million, with about 3.5 million enslaved people. This demographic landscape highlighted the stark contrasts in social status and rights within the region.
South Carolina had a higher population of slaves than free whites in 1730.
At the start of the Civil War, the Union, which was made up of the Northern states, had a population of 22 million free people. The population of the South at the start of the war was 9 million.
In 1860--the last decennial census before the Civil War--Mississippi and South Carolina had larger slave population than free population. The same was true in 1850. (Note that "free population" is not the same thing as "white population", but that's the data we have).
Including slaves in the South's population count inflated the number of representatives in Congress, as the Three-Fifths Compromise allowed slave states to count three-fifths of their enslaved population for representation purposes. This gave the South a disproportionate political power relative to its free population, masking the significant economic and social disparities between the North and South. Consequently, the South could wield greater influence in national politics, despite having a smaller number of free citizens, further entrenching the imbalance between the two regions.
There were a great many free blacks living in the south prior to the Civil War. Most free blacks in American lived in the south. In the 1860 census there were 30 million people in the US. Nine million were in the south, including three million slaves, and another half million free blacks. John Hope Franklin, the eminent black historian, has made the free black population of the south a subject of his excellent writing.
The population of South Northamptonshire is 34.
South Wraxall's population is 453.
The population of Pudukudi South is 357.
The population of Jos South is 306,716.
The population of South Rauceby is 330.
South Tangerang's population is 966,037.
The population of Chengalam South is 15,200.