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Great Zimbabwe, built in the 11th - 12th Century, is located in Zimbabwe near the town of Masvingo. It is located in the hilly, south eastern portion of the country, this, and about a half dozen other sites, demonstrate the "Great Zimbabwe" style of architecture, which is hewn rock tightly constructed without mortar. Arches and overhangs use reinforcement pillars. The structure is conical, walls, within walls, suggesting it was an enclosure for a city of some 18,000 residents. The structure appears to have been abandoned prior to the 1500's.

It was built in an area with large granite, iron and other metal deposits. Although there were settlements in this area centuries before, there are no structures from that time period. Many artifacts were recovered from this site, which suggested that it was a flourishing gold trade that built the structure, and when larger gold reserves were located elsewhere, the site was left to ruins.

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