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A functional region has one or more hubs (nodes) which act as the cores of the region, the magnets, which attract people and business from outlying areas (the hinterland). A metropolitan area has one or more CBDs where different functions (shopping, banking, entertainment, education) are conducted, each function attracting people to the hub. If people are prepared to travel into these hubs to conduct business, or to tune in to TV or radio programs broadcast from those hubs, then these people are part of the functional region of the metro area. Spatially, it is a hub and spoke concept, with each spoke being the route that a person takes to commute into the hub, then return home.

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