Economics

Calculating Interest: Principal, Rate and Time are Known--I= p r t

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The level of interest rates in a free market economy are primarily determined by the rate of inflation, the demand for money, and the actions of the Federal Reserve. Lenders of money will generally demand what is known as a nominal interest rate which is equal to a real interest rate plus a premium to cover the inflation rate. The real, or inflation adjusted interest rate, is the percentage rate of return to a lender as measured by an increase in purchasing power.

Yale professor Irving Fisher's economic theory of interest rates laid the conceptual groundwork for establishing that the nominal interest rate equals the real interest rate plus the anticipated rate of inflation. Fisher's mathematical equations in his theory of interest rates are supported by empirical data. A comparison of comparable maturity U.S. Treasury securities, one of which has a fixed rate and the other an inflation adjusted rate, shows that the nominal interest rate always exceeds the real interest rate.

A consumer, whether a borrower or a saver, will generally be quoted a nominal interest rate by a bank on a loan or a savings account.

Each state is responsible for and runs its own unemployment insurance program.

A Surplus

tax revenues

Department of the Treasury

Programs continued to increase,even though the economy was stronger

lowering intrest rates (A+(

Volatile is the word that best describes market prices that change often and to a great degree with dramatic spikes and plunges.

It causes a boom in spending and production that may not be paid back.

sales tax

Economic activity is rising above the point of the previous peak.

the total demand for final goods and services in the economy

national highway system

Peak a+

it is part of expansionary monetary policy

Property taxes