a particle with a negative charge in an atom is an electron
convection
Q: What is the major way that heat is transferred into the troposphere?
A: Convection
Any and all objects that are warm emit electro-magnetic [radiated] waves in the Infra-Red range of E-M frequencies. IR radiation is stopped from 'Escaping' Into Outer Space, and remains instead Our Unwelcome Guest.
radiation A+
The particle motion in shear waves relative to the energy of the wave is downward.
Both conduction and convection. Conduction involves the small movements of individual particles, convection can be on a much larger scale with a hot liquid or gas rising and a cool liquid or gas dropping.
Denmark.
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