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☆☆☆☆☆1.25 billion years: 25/50 or half the original atoms have disintegrated in 1.25 billion years, and that is the definition of half life.
Uniformitarianism
It is fairly easy to determine the age of lava or volcanic ash using radiometric dating, but much harder with sedimentary rock. But, if a layer of sedimentary rock is in between two layers of volcanic rock, then we know if had to have formed after the first layer and before the second one. If we know how old the volcanic layers are, then we have a general idea of how old the sedimentary layer is as well.
A 60,000 year old mammoth bone.
A fragment of a turtle shell that likely is 10,000 to 30,000 years old
The relatively short half-life of carbon-14, which is 5,730 years
Radiometric dating of igneous rocks that relate to the sedimentary rock
Lifeforms.
To show that being indifferent to suffering is easy.
