Study

Population density is the measurement of individuals living in a defined space

Population dispersion is how individuals of a population are spread in an area of a volume

 survivorship curve is the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births

three patterns of dispersion are uniform, clumped, and random dispersion

Immigration and birth increase the population size as they are bringing more individuals into the population. While death and emigration decrease the population because death kills off individuals while emigration is a process in which individuals leave/exit the population

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birth rate - death rate = growth rate

type 1 curve is a more common curve for large mammals like humans where individuals mostly die later in life

type 2 is a curve that affects small mammals like birds, insects, and reptiles that has a uniform rate of decline for life

type 3 has a very high birth and mortality rate which makes a huge decline in the young population

habitat is the combined biotic and abiotic factors where an organism lives while a niche is a biological that an organism needs to stay healthy and reproduce. in short terms a habitat is was an organism lives while a niche is what an organism needs to successfully live and reproduce. 

competitive exclusion is when two species compete for the same resources that will be suited to the niche to another niche or extinction.

An exponential model has a j-shaped growth rate that increases dramatically over a period of time with unlimited resources. A logistic model of population growth has a s-shaped curve with limited resources leading to a slow growth rate.

factors that contribute to exponential growth is unlimited resources while factors that contribute to logistic population growth is limited resources.

a carrying capacity is the part of the population trend that has a stable trend with  little to no changes making the population have a steady trend. its impact on populations has a major impact if the population is below the carrying capacity then deaths exceed births while if it is over then births exceed deaths. 

Density-independent limiting factors are factors that do not rely on the population and are aspects of an environment that limit its growth like hurricanes, fires, and deforestation.

- Density-dependent limiting factors that are based on population and are affected by the number of individuals.  competition, predation, and parasitism  

Competition is when Organisms of the same or different species compete for resources, it negatively affects both organisms. Predation is the relationship between two species as the predator feeds on the prey while the prey adapts.

Interspecific competition is the competition between two or more species of different organisms competing for the same resources. Intraspecific competition is the competition between two or more of the same species fighting for the same resources.

Mutualism is a relationship between two organisms where both organisms benefit in some way, Commensalism is a relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited, parasitism is a symbiotic relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits while the other is harmed.

Competition is not an example of symbiosis because both organisms are affected negatively by competing for resources, while predation is not an example of symbiosis because instead of being a relationship like parasitism where one benefits and the other is harmed in parasitism it tries to keep the host alive while in predation the predator eats the prey and benefits from it whenever it is able to eat.

biodiversity is the assortment of species in an ecosystem.

species richness is the total number of species present if there are 4 species present and 5 of each then the species richness is 4 as there is 4 types of species while the species evenness is 5 a species eveness is the relative abundance of each species.

There are 2 types of disturbances biotic and abiotic disturbances and they can affect them negatively and positively. Abiotic removes or destroys organisms and resources due to natural disasters like volcanic eruptions and floods. biotic disturbances are due to  living organisms like humans deforestation and invasive species outcompeting native species for resources affecting the environment as it may have needed the native species to thrive.

Success is when life is established after a disaster in an area. Primary succession starts when things like glaciers and volcanic eruptions strip away soil and leave bare rock for pioneer species like lichen and moss to spread their seedlings. Secondary succession begins from soil being left  from things like forest fires and like Primary succession it uses pioneer species like grass and bushes to spread and rebuild.