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Jugular venous distension is the visible bulging of the jugular veins in the neck. It can indicate increased pressure in the right side of the heart or in the superior vena cava. It is commonly seen in conditions like heart failure, cardiac tamponade, or constrictive pericarditis.
Jugular Venous Distention
The venous blood from the brain is drained by a network of veins called the cerebral venous sinuses. The largest of these sinuses is the superior sagittal sinus, which ultimately drains into the internal jugular veins.
The sternal angle and the right atrium are typically used to measure jugular venous pressure by observing the level of jugular venous distention during physical examination. The sternal angle is used as a reference point on the chest for measuring central venous pressure.
because the endothoracic pressure is decreased and the venous return to the heart is increased.
If either the jugular vein or the carotid artery is completely severed, the venous tissue will retract and will be extremely difficult, if not impossible to repair.
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Jugular venous pressure is typically measured in millimeters of water (mm H2O) because it provides a more sensitive and precise way to assess changes in venous pressure. Using mm H2O allows for a greater resolution in detecting small changes in pressure compared to using other units such as centimeters of water or millimeters of mercury.
The fluid that is in the dural venous sinuses is venous blood that originates from the brain or cranial cavity. They collect blood from veins on the surface of the brain. Blood from the sinuses empties into the internal jugular veins
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The thoracic duct joins the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein, near the base of the neck.
The carotid artery supplies the head with blood and the jugular vein returns it to the heart.