yes
If nephrostomy tubes are blocked, the urine will typically back up into the kidney and can cause pain and possible infection. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect your nephrostomy tubes are blocked.
Urinary retention can predispose someone with MS to urinary tract infection, including pyelonephritis.
Yes
No you do not pretest a catheter balloon! It is not only against manufacturere recommendations but it could potentially cause harm to the patient. The catheter can cause trauma to the urethra after it's been pretested. This can in turn cause a UTI. Plus, pretesting is part of the manufacturers QC before sterilization.
You don't. Urine/waste products will need to be drained by the tubes from the kidneys (ex. would be if pt had bladder cancer). Nephrostomy tubes should not cause pain and are necessary to provide comfort during the dying process.
Pyelonephritis is commonly caused by bacterial infections, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen. Factors such as urinary tract abnormalities, bladder dysfunction, and weakened immune system can increase the risk of developing pyelonephritis.
The urethra is very delicate, and any rough handling, including catheter removal, will cause it to bleed.
Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a bacterial infection. Pyelonephritis is a more serious infection that affects the kidneys and occurs when a urinary tract infection spreads upward from the bladder to the kidneys. Pyelonephritis may cause more severe symptoms than cystitis and can lead to complications if not treated promptly.
It is an abbreviation of polyurethane catheter or polyethylene catheter, which describes the type of material of the catheter. A catheter is a thin flexible tube inserted into the body to permit introduction or withdrawal of fluids or to keep a passageway open.
only if patient has HIV to begin with.
Seronegative Rheumatoid arthritis.
It is quite common for a catheter to be clamped off. Unfortunately not as common as it should be. When this is done the urine will be retained in the bladder. This is not a bad thing -> its what the bladder was designed for. The only problem with this is that if the catheter clamp is left on for an excessive amount of time it may cause pain (like a strong urge to go to the toilet) as the urine collects in the bladder or cause retrograde ureteric flow back to the bladder. One of the problems of NOT clamping a catheter is bladder shrinkage which can lead to urine bypassing (coming out down the sides of the catheter tube) by various mechanisms. bladder shrinkage can be a problem when the catheter is removed.