No. Cartilage is not another name for bone. It is hard tissue like bone, but is mostly made of collagen fibers, whereas bone is mostly made of extracellular matrix that contains calcium and phosphorus.
Articular cartilage
The cartilage that articulates with another bone or bone process is called articular cartilage. It covers the ends of bones within joints and helps to reduce friction and absorb shock during movement.
triticeal cartilage
Bone starts out as cartilage and as it matures it becomes bone...
cartilage
hyaline cartilage is located in between bones
The structure separating the nostrils is called the nasal septum. It is composed of bone and cartilage and helps to divide the two nasal passages.
Chrondocyte
Sharks, rays and ratfish have cartilage but its not sharks. Boney fish (like their name suggests) have bone in the mix - but they still have a lot of cartilage.
Teeth are teeth, neither cartilage or bone. But more similar to bone than cartilage.
You have a tiny bone in your ear that is not connected to any other bone in the skeletal system.
cartilage