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The thoracic cavity (the chamber that holds the lungs and heart) is separated from the abdominal cavity by a muscular sheet, the diaphragm. When relaxed, the diaphragm bows into the thoracic cavity, decreases the volume of the cavity, and with contraction of abdominal muscles forces air out of the lungs; when the muscles of the diaphragm contract, it becomes taut and flat, increasing the volume and lowering the pressure of this cavity, drawing air into the lungs. To support their high energy demands for oxygen, mammals must be able to breathe while they suckle, chew food, or clutch prey in their jaws. This capacity is provided by the secondary palate, a shelf of bone forming the roof of the mouth, which separates the mouth from the nasal passages.

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