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The difference is in the origins of the tissue. There are 3 parts of an embryonic kidney:

1.pronephros (anterior portion)

2.mesonephros (middle portion)

3.metanephros (posterior portion)

Opisthonephric kidneys are made up of the mesonephros and metanephros. An Opisthonephric kidney is divided into two parts:

1) proximate

2)distal

Example --> Mudpuppies have opisthonephric kidneys

Metanephric kidneys are made up of only the metanephros. A Metanephric kidney is divided into three parts:

1)proximate

2)intermediate (ex. the Loop of Henle forms from this part)

3)distal

Example --> Pigeons have metanephric kidneys

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