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Most fish do not have lungs. Instead they gain oxygen by extracting it from the water using gills. The exceptions are lobe-finned fish, such as lungfish and bichirs, which have a pair of lungs and therefore have to travel to the surface of the water periodically to take in air.

Most fish have a gas bladder, enabling them to control their buoyancy in the water. It is from these gas bladders that the lobe-finned fish first evolved lungs. Some prehistoric lobe-finned fish would go on to evolve into primitive tetrapods, forming the basis for land-based animal life.

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