Early intervention and treatment for conditions such as congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria can prevent mental retardation in infants. These disorders can be identified through newborn screening tests and managed with medication or dietary modifications. Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers are essential to ensure effective treatment and prevent complications.
The best treatment of phenylketonuria is a diet that is extremely low in phenylalanine during childhood. A person can also take fish oil supplements and iron supplements to help treat some of the symptoms.
The treatment team will depend on the underlying cause of mental retardation. A neurologist, neuropsychologist, child psychiatrist, and/or development pediatrician may be helpful for nearly all cases of mental retardation
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So treatment can be rendered as early as possible.
Mental Retardation is actually considered a developmental disorder and has recently been changed to the term "IDD" (Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities). The answer to your questions is "yes." Of course, mental retardation can be mild, moderate, or severe. I often have a visual for parents and caregivers to understand mental retardation or IDD better. Think of Down Syndrome as being at the very top of a scale, Severe MR or IDD following, Moderate IDD or MR, and then Mild IDD or MR. In cases of severe MR or Down Syndrome, psychiatric treatment may be required, especially if the individual sufferer struggles with impulse control, delusions or hallucinations, poor mood regulation, improper boundaries, or oppositional behaviors.