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Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms that can live independently and reproduce on their own, while viruses are much smaller infectious agents that require a host cell to replicate. Bacteria have a cellular structure with a cell wall and can perform metabolic processes, whereas viruses are composed of genetic material encased in a protein coat and lack cellular machinery. Additionally, bacteria can be treated with antibiotics, while viruses require antiviral medications or vaccines for prevention and treatment.

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