How do surfactants aid gas exchange in the lungs?

Answer 1

Surfactants are lipoprotein complexes that reduce surface tension in the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. By lowering surface tension, surfactants prevent alveolar collapse during exhalation, ensuring that the alveoli remain open and available for gas exchange. This facilitates the efficient transfer of oxygen into the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide, ultimately enhancing respiratory function. Additionally, surfactants help to stabilize the alveoli, allowing for more uniform gas exchange across the lung surface.