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Blood is composed of a fluid portion and a solid portion made of blood cells, also known as formed elements. About 45% blood is made up of blood cells. These are of three types: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). Erythrocytes help in the transportation of oxygen to the cells of the body with the help of hemoglobin (respiratory pigment) also due to which they appear red in color. These are biconcave in shape. They live for just four months and are without a nucleus, so they cannot reproduce. Leukocytes are white in color and larger in size and they defend the body against pathogens. Thrombocytes are fragmented cells.Their role is in blood clotting.

Blood vessels are the pathways for the flow of blood. These are of three types: arteries, veins, and capillaries. These three differ from each other due to their structure of walls which is related with their function.

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