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Insulin lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into target cells, primarily muscle and fat tissues. It binds to insulin receptors on the cell surface, triggering a signaling cascade that promotes the translocation of glucose transporter proteins (such as GLUT4) to the cell membrane. This allows more glucose to enter the cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen, effectively reducing the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. Additionally, insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver, further contributing to lower blood sugar levels.
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What is the body chemistry associated with insulin resistance?
Insulin resistance is characterized by a decreased response to insulin in target tissues, leading to higher blood sugar levels. This can result from various factors, including genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, and inflammation. Insulin resistance is often accompanied by alterations in lipid metabolism, increased levels of free fatty acids in the blood, and changes in adipokine secretion from fat cells.
What type of hormone is insulin?
It is an endocrine (released within the body to affect other distant tissues) hormone that lowers blood glucose.
What tissues are least affected by insulin?
Brain tissue is least affected by insulin because it does not rely on insulin for glucose uptake. Additionally, red blood cells and the cornea in the eye also do not require insulin for glucose uptake.
What does the lack of insulin affect?
Coma and death.
How do pancreatic tumors affect blood sugar?
The pancreas regulates our bodies insulin which controls blood sugars.
Which tube carries the hormone insulin?
Insulin is carried by the pancreatic beta cells and released into the bloodstream. It travels through the blood vessels to various tissues and organs in the body to regulate blood sugar levels.
Which cells of islets of langerhans secrete insulin?
The cells of the islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin are called beta cells. These cells are located in the pancreas and play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by releasing insulin in response to elevated blood sugar levels. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by tissues, helping to lower blood sugar levels.
What are the three main types of tissues that respond to insulin well and help lower blood glucose level?
the pancreas and liver..
Are water soluble hormones in the blood?
Yes, water-soluble hormones are found in the blood. These hormones, which include peptide and protein hormones like insulin and glucagon, dissolve easily in the bloodstream and can quickly travel to target tissues. They typically bind to receptors on the surface of target cells, initiating a response without entering the cells. Their solubility allows for rapid transport and immediate effects in the body.
What is insulin's target tissue?
Primarily, the Liver- glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis, releasing additional glucose into the bloodstream. Adipose tissue- fatty acids are metabolized for energy when there is a shortage of glucose to burn.
What causes glucose to be removed from blood?
Glucose is removed from the blood mainly through insulin-mediated processes. Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by cells for energy production, storage, or conversion into glycogen or fat. Additionally, glucose may also be removed from the blood via processes like hepatic glucose output or uptake by tissues such as the brain.
Does insulin decrese blood glucose or blood pressure?
Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. It does not directly affect blood pressure, although maintaining normal blood glucose levels can indirectly help in managing blood pressure.
